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European mistletoe (Viscum album) is a plant that grows on several different trees throughout the world. The berry, leaf, and stem are used as medicine.
European mistletoe contains chemicals that might stimulate the immune system and kill certain cancer cells, but it's not clear if these effects occur in the human body.
People use European mistletoe for various types of cancer, including head and neck cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses. Most research has evaluated European mistletoe injections given by a healthcare provider. There is very little research on the use of European mistletoe taken by mouth.
- Head and neck cancer. Subcutaneous European mistletoe extract does not seem to improve survival in patients with head and neck cancer. Oral European mistletoe has not been evaluated for this use.
Login for details - Melanoma. Subcutaneous European mistletoe extract does not seem to improve long-term survival rates in patients undergoing surgery for stage II or III melanoma. Oral European mistletoe has not been evaluated for this use.
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- Bladder cancer. It is unclear if subcutaneous or intravesical European mistletoe extract is beneficial in patients with bladder cancer. Oral European mistletoe has not been evaluated for this use.
Login for details - Breast cancer. It is unclear if subcutaneous European mistletoe extract is beneficial in patients with breast cancer. Oral European mistletoe has not been evaluated for this use.
Login for details - Cancer. A meta-analysis of several small, low-quality clinical studies suggests that subcutaneous European mistletoe extract might improve quality of life in some patients with cancer. Oral European mistletoe has not been evaluated for this use.
Login for details - Cancer-related fatigue. A meta-analysis of several low-quality studies suggests that subcutaneous European mistletoe extract might improve fatigue in some patients with cancer. Oral European mistletoe has not been evaluated for this use.
Login for details - Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea. It is unclear if subcutaneous European mistletoe extract can reduce the rate of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea. Oral European mistletoe has not been evaluated for this use.
Login for details - Colorectal cancer. Several small, low-quality clinical and observational studies suggest that subcutaneous administration of specific European mistletoe extracts may improve survival or tumor response in patients with colorectal cancer when used as adjunct therapy. Oral European mistletoe has not been evaluated for this use.
Login for details - Common cold. It is unclear if subcutaneous European mistletoe extract can prevent the common cold. Oral European mistletoe has not been evaluated for this use.
Login for details - Epilepsy. Login for details
- Gastric cancer. It is unclear if subcutaneous European mistletoe extract is beneficial in patients with gastric cancer. Oral European mistletoe has not been evaluated for this use.
Login for details - Hepatitis C. It is unclear if subcutaneous European mistletoe extract is beneficial in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Oral European mistletoe has not been evaluated for this use.
Login for details - Hypertension. Login for details
- Kidney Transplant. It is unclear if retroperitoneal instillation of European mistletoe extract is beneficial in kidney transplant patients with significant postoperative lymphatic drainage. Oral European mistletoe has not been evaluated for this use.
Login for details - Leukemia. It is unclear if subcutaneous European mistletoe extract is beneficial in patients with leukemia. Oral European mistletoe has not been evaluated for this use.
Login for details - Lung cancer. It is unclear if subcutaneous European mistletoe extract is beneficial in patients with lung cancer. Oral European mistletoe has not been evaluated for this use.
Login for details - Malignant pleural effusions. It is unclear if intrapleural European mistletoe extract is beneficial in patients with malignant pleural effusions. Oral European mistletoe has not been evaluated for this use.
Login for details - Osteosarcoma. It is unclear if subcutaneous European mistletoe extract is beneficial in patients with osteosarcoma. Oral European mistletoe has not been evaluated for this use.
Login for details - Ovarian cancer. It is unclear if subcutaneous European mistletoe extract is beneficial in patients with ovarian cancer. Oral European mistletoe has not been evaluated for this use.
Login for details - Pancreatic cancer. It is unclear if subcutaneous or intratumoral European mistletoe extract is beneficial in patients with pancreatic cancer. Oral European mistletoe has not been evaluated for this use.
Login for details - Radiation exposure. It is unclear if subcutaneous European mistletoe extract is beneficial in children with radiation exposure. Oral European mistletoe has not been evaluated for this use.
Login for details - Uterine cancer. It is unclear if subcutaneous European mistletoe extract is beneficial in patients with uterine cancer. Oral European mistletoe has not been evaluated for this use.
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When taken by mouth: European mistletoe is possibly safe when used appropriately. But taking more than three berries or two leaves is likely unsafe and can cause serious side effects, including vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, and liver damage. Do not take European mistletoe without the advice of your healthcare professional.
Special Precautions & Warnings:
Pregnancy: European mistletoe is likely unsafe when taken by mouth during pregnancy. It might stimulate the uterus and cause a miscarriage.Breast-feeding: There isn't enough reliable information to know if European mistletoe is safe to use when breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.
"Auto-immune diseases" such as multiple sclerosis (MS), lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), or other conditions: European mistletoe might cause the immune system to become more active. This could increase the symptoms of auto-immune diseases. If you have one of these conditions, it's best to avoid using European mistletoe.
Leukemia: European mistletoe might make leukemia worse. If you have leukemia, don't take European mistletoe.
Organ transplant: European mistletoe might make the immune system more active. A more active immune system might increase the risk of organ rejection. If you have had an organ transplant, avoid European mistletoe.
Surgery: European mistletoe might affect blood pressure. This might interfere with blood pressure control during and after surgery. Stop taking European mistletoe at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery.
Medications for high blood pressure (Antihypertensive drugs)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
European mistletoe might lower blood pressure. Taking European mistletoe along with medications that lower blood pressure might cause blood pressure to go too low. Monitor your blood pressure closely.
Medications that decrease the immune system (Immunosuppressants)
Interaction Rating=Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
European mistletoe can increase the activity of the immune system. Some medications, such as those used after a transplant, decrease the activity of the immune system. Taking European mistletoe along with these medications might decrease the effects of these medications.
Herbs and supplements that might lower blood pressure: European mistletoe might lower blood pressure. Taking it with other supplements that have the same effect might cause blood pressure to drop too much. Examples of supplements with this effect include andrographis, casein peptides, L-arginine, niacin, and stinging nettle.
There are no known interactions with foods.
There isn't enough reliable information to know what an appropriate dose of European mistletoe might be. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult a healthcare professional before using.
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